Axle and skein



2 sheets-sheen 1.

M. A. JOHNSON. AXLB AND SKBIN.

No. @$7,398. Patented sept. 30.1890.

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WI'I'N ESSES QSQ (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. v

M. A. JOHNSON. AXLBV AND SKBIN.

No. 437,398. Patented Sept. 30, 189()- MMM PATENT OEEicE.

MARTIN A. .IOHNSOIOF AXLE AN STOUGHTON, VISCONSIN.

D SKEIN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 437,398, dated September 80, 1890.

Application filed February 17, 1890.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, MARTIN A. JOHNSON, a citizen of theUnited States,residing at Stoughton, in the county of Dane and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Axles and Skeins; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this speciiication.

My invention relates to vehicles; and its object is to make an axle and axle-skein that shall possess certain advantages in construction and efficiency, as hereinafter set forth,

` and particularly pointed out in the claims.

. In the drawings, Figure l is an elevation of one end of myimproved axle and skein. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section o f the skein and axle. Fig. 3 is a plan view of a modification, partly in section and Fig. 4 is a cross`sec'tion at the line 4 4, Fig. l. Fig. 5 is a bottom plan View showing the braces; and Fig. 6 is a cross-section at line 6 6, Fig. l.

The metallic axleAis preferably composed of steel or iron, and may be of any suitable shape in crosssection, though preferably round throughout. It is screw-threaded from each end back to the point a, where the collar of the skein will come when the latter has been fitted into place. Just back of this point c the axle is bent, as shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, giving the proper downward slope or dip to the skein to bring its lower edge horizontal and impart the proper swing to the wheel. I prefer to bend the bar before cutting the threads on it, and the threads should'terminate j ust before the angle inthe bar is reached, in order to give the greatest strength possible at that point. It is possible of course to bend the bar after the threads have been cut, or even after the skeins have been screwed on; but I consider it easier and better to give the axle its set before threading it.

The skein B isof cast iron or steel cored out to leave the interior ribs b and chambers b', the latter serving as oil-reservoirs and being provided with filling and outlet ducts b2 b3. The latter may run to any desired point along the skein, and may be illed with fibrous Serial No. 340,711. (No model.)

material, if desired, to feed the oil slowly. I prefer to form two chambers, though the number is immaterial. The interior edges of the ribs are cored out tov substantially the same 'cylindrical size, and are then suitably ream ed and screw-threaded to lit the threaded end of the axle A. Instead of threading the axle to the point a, I may thread only so much as is shown in elevation in Fig. 2, leaving the remainder of the axle smooth. In this case the outermost rib only need be tapped, the others being reamed to fit the smooth portion of the axle. The threads may be smeared with red lead or the like to prevent the oil from leaking from the chambers.

The end of the axle projects beyond the skein to receive the nut C, which locks the skein in place after it has been screwed upon the axle. To further secure the skein, a key D may be driven into suitable keyways formed inv the skein and axle, preferably at the base or collar end of the skein. The end of the key can be clinched against the end of the skein, and may be sunk in a recess prepared for it, as indicated in dotted lines.v A key may also be used at the outer end of the skein, if thought necessary.

The exterior of the skein is smooth and ta pering, as usual, and has a collar B at itsinner end. Back of the collar extends an ear the axle, and partially surrounds it on each side. The groove in the ear in which the axle rests is conical, in order to clear the axle lwhen the skein is being screwed on. Its taper can be calculated beforehand and arranged to fit the bottom of the axle snugly when the skein has been screwed home; but I prefer to run Babbitt metal or some such material E in around the axle, in order to completely fill the space and give the axle asolid bed in the ear.- This is especially important when the ear is continued completely around the axle, forming a funnel-shaped extension of the skein, as shown in Fig. 3. In this form, which is somewhat easier to make than the other, a large lune-shaped space will be left around the sides and top of the axle, which should be filled with babbitt to ygive tbe axle a more perfect bearing and to afford additional resistance to bending at that point.

In axles that are provided with a wooden B2, which underlies the horizontal portion ofy cap-piece F, I groove the under side of it to tit the axle, and shape each end to conform to the ear and collar of the skein. The cap prevents the key D from working loose or coming out.

To permit a smaller axle to be used Without any diminution in strength, I may employ a truss-rod G, Which is preferably Welded at each end to the clip-bar h of the end clip H, this clip-bar h being the flattened end of a brace-rod l, the other end of which is fastened to the hounds K. The under side of the skein-ear B2 is notched transversely at b4 to receive the clip-bar, and a longitudinal notch b5 accommodates the truss-rod, which inclines downward from each end toward the middle of the axle. The clip-bars h are provided not only with a groove to fit the axle, but with a downwardly-projecting post h2, in the end of which is a groove to receive the trussrod. The clip-bars h3 are formed with wide flat bottoms to afford room for fastening to them the braces L, which underlie the trussrod G and are attached to the lower edge of the hounds K, as shown in Fig. 5.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

l. The` combination, with a metallic axle havingadip or bend near each end and screwthreaded from each end toward the point at which the bend is made, of a cast-metal skein screwed upon the axle and having an ear either surrounding or underlying the unthreaded portion thereof beyond the bend, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a metallic axle havinga dip or bend near each end and screwthreaded from each end toward the point at which the bend is made, of a cast-metal skein screwedy upon the axle and having an ear provided with a conical inner surface to underlie and receive the unthreaded portion of the axle beyond the bend, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with a metallic axle havingadip Aorbend near each end and screwthreaded from each end toward the point at which the bend is made, of a cast-metal skein screwed upon the axle and having an ear provided with a conical inner surface underlying the unthreaded portion of the axle beyond the bend, and a lling of Babbitt metal or the like occupying the space between the axle and the ear to form a solid bed for the axle, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the metallic axle A, screw-threaded at each end, of the castmetal skein B, having the interiorly-threaded ribs b, the lock-nut C on the outer end of the axle, and the key D at the collar end of the axle, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the metallic axle A, of the skeins B, the Wooden cap-piece F, fitting the ends of the skeins, the clips H, the clip-bars h, having the grooved posts h2, and the truss-rod G, iyingin the grooves, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with the metallic axle A, of the skeins B, having the notches b4 in their ears B2, the Wooden cap-piece F, fitting t-he ends of the skeins, the clips H, the clipbars h, lying in the notches b4, the grooved clip-bars h h3, and the truss-rod G, welded to the clip-bars h at its ends and received in the grooved clip-bars, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with the metallic axle A, having a dip or bend and screw-threaded at each end, of the skeins B, having two or more internal screw-threaded ribs to engage the threads on the axle and forming an oil chamber or chambers, inlet and outlet ducts for the oil, said skeins each having a collar and an ear behind the collar having a groove diverging from the axis of the skein, a Babbitt-metal filling in the groove between the ear and the axle, a key D, a lock-nut O, a

-wooden cap-piece F, clips H, a combined brace and clip-bar h, grooved clip-bars h h3, and a truss-rod G, welded to the clip-bars h and passing under the grooved clip-bars h h3, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I aix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MARTIN A. JOHNSON.

vNltnessem B. E. WAIT, L. K. LUCE. 

